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The County of Yuba is currently recruiting for the position of Health & Human Services Education Supervisor in the Health and Human Services Department. The current vacancy exists in the Communication & Engagement Team.  The incumbent will plan, organize, coordinate, and supervise assigned staff; develop, implement, monitor, and evaluate programs; ensure quality client-centered services in accordance with HHS policies and procedures; and perform related work as assigned.  This is the supervisory level in the education series and reports directly to the HHS Program Manager.

EXAMPLES OF DUTIES

• Supervise, review, and evaluate the work of staff; organize and assign work, set priorities and follow up to ensure timely completion; evaluate staff job performance and provide direction and coaching through regular feedback sessions; create individual development plans with employees, discuss job performance problems to identify causes and issues, and work on resolving problems; recommend discipline and implement discipline procedures as needed/directed; provide or coordinate staff training; offer advice and assistance as needed.

• Design and implement planning goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and work standards for assigned programs.

• Monitor assigned programs and ensure compliance with departmental mission, funding source regulations, and other guidance.

 • Evaluate program effectiveness and attainment of objectives, make recommendations for improvements, and implement program changes.

• Participate in program budget development, as well as cost tracking and projection.

 • Review grant proposals, participate in development of work plans, mission statements, goals, and implementation and evaluation strategies.

San Mateo County Health's Behavioral Health and Recovery Services Division is seeking a trauma informed, culturally responsive, field-based experienced individual for the position of Mental Health Counselor I/II, Spanish Speaking Required, with the Adult Resource Management (ARM) Team. The ARM team is located at 2000 Alameda de Las Pulgas in San Mateo, CA. This position requires traveling throughout San Mateo County.
 
The ARM team provides critical, field-based, trauma informed and culturally responsive, intensive case management support to Clients with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) who are either at high risk of being hospitalized or re-hospitalized, being discharged from locked facilities, are at risk of homelessness and or are currently homeless. The referrals to the ARM team come from the Regional Clinics, PES, Hospitals, and other partner agencies. This position also provides intensive case management support to the Clients admitted to the contracted mental health beds at Safe Harbor Shelter and the Navigation Center. This position assists Clients with treatment support and engagement, transportation to appointments, applying for GA and to other needed resources that include employment and permanent housing, and to help them manage their symptoms and behaviors.
 
The ideal candidate will have experience providing field-based intensive case management for Clients with SMI and co-occurring conditions; working with adults who are homeless or potentially homeless, leaving jail, in shelters, in detox and substance use residential facilities, in social rehabilitation facilities, or in hospitals; interviewing and assessing clients' housing, financial and employment needs; assisting adult clients to stabilize in the community with housing and other services; assisting clients to develop treatment recovery; assisting clients in their addiction recovery; and an understanding and working knowledge of systems of care. Fluency in both English and Spanish is required 

NOTE: The eligible list generated from this recruitment may be used to fill future extra-help, term, unclassified, and regular classified vacancies. 

 

Examples Of Duties

Duties may include but are not limited to the following:

• Conduct home and field visits; 
• Develop and maintain ongoing collaboration with referring providers; 
• Conduct thorough chart reviews and case consultations when receiving new referrals;
• Develop and maintain ongoing knowledge of community resources to meet Clients multiple needs;
• Utilize cultural humility principles to engage Clients from marginalized communities;
• Provide intensive case management including transportation support; assisting clients with housing readiness and referrals to various housing opportunities;
• Perform initial assessment noting behavioral symptoms which may indicate organic and/or mental disorders; 
• Confirm or revise initial diagnosis in conference with professional staff; 
• Determine and develop appropriate treatment plans for all clients on the caseload;
• Conduct individual, group and family counseling sessions for clients; 
• Participate in developing individual and group treatment plans utilizing a variety of psychotherapeutic modalities; 
• Make client referrals and plan discharge procedures; 
• Establish and utilize knowledge of community resources; 
• Assess progress of clients and propose modifications to rehabilitation plans in order to meet goals agreed upon by the clients/patients; 
• Interview patient and relatives in order to gather case history data; 
• Prepare and maintain psychosocial case histories for use in diagnostic evaluations and evaluations of patient progress; 
• Consult frequently with professional team members; 
• Provide outreach counseling and refer clients to appropriate mental health program service resources; 
• Counsel individuals or groups regarding resources or services available for treatment and to help combat relapses; 
• Participate with program staff in individual client and program conferences, in staff development and professional growth activities; 
• Plan and present informational services to community target groups and organizations to explain mental health programs and services; 
• Serve as lead or co-facilitator in group, individual or other treatment modality; and
• Perform related duties as assigned.

Qualifications

Education and Experience:
Any combination of education and experience that would likely provide the required knowledge, skills and abilities is qualifying. A typical way to qualify is:

Mental Health Counselor I: One year of experience in a community mental health setting, performing crisis intervention or related counseling services or completion of 60 semester units from an accredited college or university with emphasis in one of the behavioral sciences.
 

Mental Health Counselor II: Two years of experience in a community mental health setting, performing individual or group therapeutic counseling services to clients and developing therapeutic assessment and treatment plans.

Knowledge of: 
Mental health needs and problems of the general population; rehabilitative counseling techniques including role playing, behavioral modification and recreational therapy; social aspects of mental and emotional disturbances; basic techniques and dynamics of individual and group therapy; community resources available for treatment of clients; problems, needs, attitudes and behavior patterns of clients having basic emotional and/or social adjustment problems; and individual, couple, family and group counseling principles.

Skill/Ability to: 
Apply the techniques used in individual and group therapy; develop and evaluate creative approaches to the assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of mental disorders; obtain and record social, physical, educational and work histories; write clear, accurate and concise reports; interpret data; conduct group and individual counseling; establish and maintain the confidence and cooperation of clients including those of varied ethnic and social backgrounds; speak effectively before groups; exercise tact; and function as a team member.

Application/Examination

Open and Promotional. Anyone may apply. Current County of San Mateo and County of San Mateo Superior Court of California employees with at least six months (1040 hours) of continuous service in a classified regular, probationary, Confidential and Management extra-help/limited term, and SEIU or AFSCME represented extra help/limited term positions prior to the final filing date will receive five points added to their final passing score on this examination.

A supplemental application form must be submitted in addition to our regular employment application form. Resume or CV will not be accepted as a substitute for the required employment application and supplemental questionnaire.
 
The examination process will consist of an application screening (pass/fail) based on the candidates' application and responses to the supplemental questions. Candidates who pass the application screening will be invited to a panel interview (weight: 100%). Depending on the number of applicants, an application appraisal of education and experience may be used in place of other examinations or further evaluation of work experience may be conducted to group applicants by level of qualification. All applicants who meet the minimum qualifications are not guaranteed advancement through any subsequent phase of the examination. All examinations will be given in San Mateo County, California and applicants must participate at their own expense.
 
IMPORTANT: Applications for this position will only be accepted online. If you are currently on the County's website, you may click the "Apply" button. If you are not on the County's website, please go to https://jobs.smcgov.org to apply. Online applications must be received by the Human Resources Department before midnight on the final filing date.
  
~TENTATIVE RECRUITMENT SCHEDULE~ 
Final Filing Date:  Wednesday, April 24, 2024 11:59 PM   
Application Screening:  May 1, 2024
Panel Interviews:  May 13 and/or 14, 2024   

The Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo is currently seeking an exceptional leader to join their team as Court Commissioner.

Please view the online brochure for a detailed description of this position and instructions on how to apply: https://www.canva.com/design/DAFsRue2B9A/gkW8B7VpWsbhatJ_UfGToQ/view?utm_content=DAFsRue2B9A&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=viewer

The Position

Superior Court of California, San Mateo County is seeking highly qualified individuals to fill one vacancy for a Court Commissioner. The appointment to this position shall be by the judges of the superior court and shall be under the general direction of the presiding judge.

Pursuant to California Rules of Court, candidates must have been admitted to practice law in California for at least 10 years or, on a finding of good cause by the presiding judge, for at least 5 years.

The commissioner’s duties include the subordinate judicial duties set forth in Code of Civil Procedure Section 259 which include but are not limited to conducting judicial hearings in a broad range of civil proceedings which may include family law, making findings of fact in traffic, small claims, and criminal proceedings and performing other subordinate judicial activities as may be conferred by law or by order of the court. The commissioner will be expected to perform duties in all of the following areas: criminal law, family law, traffic, small claims, and a broad range of civil proceedings.

The Ideal Candidate will have:

• Experience as a hearing officer, judge pro-tem, or mediator.
• Experience with trial and hearing procedures and with the rules of evidence.
• Knowledge of court calendars.
• Demonstrated ability to present statements of law, fact and argument clearly and logically in written and oral form.
• Ability to manage a courtroom in a fair, courteous and efficient manner so as to promote respect for the judicial process.
• Ability to establish and maintain effective relationships with judicial officers, attorneys, court staff and various governmental agencies.
• Experience working effectively with the public, especially in stressful situations.
• Ability to work efficiently and with flexibility.
• Experience working in and with the citizenry of San Mateo County.
• Experience with the following court calendars: criminal (including arraignments and pretrial calendars), family (including child support and domestic violence restraining orders), traffic, small claims, and civil (including unlawful detainers).

Application/Examination

This is a limited term recruitment. Anyone may apply.Responses to the supplemental questions must be submitted in addition to our regular employment application form. A resume will not be accepted as a substitute for the required employment application and supplemental questionnaire.

To apply for this exciting career opportunity, the following materials must be electronically submitted online at https://jobs.smcgov.org.

Resume

A cover letter that includes:

• Your name
• California State Bar Number
• Date of Admission to the State Bar
• Law School, Degree Awarded, Date
• Responses to Supplemental Questions

Tentative Recruitment Timeline

Close Recruitment: Thursday, April 25, 2024, 11:59 PM PST

Application Screening: Week of April 29 - May 2, 2024

Panel Interviews: Week of May 13, 2024

The City of San Jose is seeking a senior level manager to direct administrative services for the Office of the City Attorney. This position works with the City Attorney and the senior management team to manage the Office and to develop and implement Office policies and procedures.

$2500 Sign-on Bonus!

Intermittent Teleworking Schedule Available!

Annual Salary Ranges:

Clinical Therapist I: $75,806 - $96,750

Clinical Therapist II : $83,676 - $106,794

THE POSITION

Are you interested in assisting individuals to get connected to the resources and support they need to work on their mental health?  Tri-City is currently looking for an enthusiastic and motivated individual to be a part of the Access to Care (ATC) team. The Clinical Therapist I/II position for the ATC team will appeal to individuals who are interested in assisting participants and clients with enrolling into mental health services and getting the support they need.  We are looking for individuals inspired by challenges and opportunities presented in working with an engaged and active community.  The Clinical Therapist I/II will report to a Clinical Supervisor or Clinical Program Manager.

This position is responsible for a variety of ongoing responsibilities including, but not limited to:

• Conduct same day biopsychosocial assessments with both adults and/or children and carry no caseload;

• Will formulate a differential diagnosis concerning the nature of the mental health challenge;

• Create treatment plans and complete all necessary Electronic Health Record documentation;

• Perform screenings, linkage to resources and provide crisis interventions and crisis assessments;

• Work on a multidisciplinary team to promote recovery and ensure Network Adequacy;

• Ability to work in a fast-paced environment and must have excellent attendance;

• Collaborate with outside agencies to coordinate care for individuals seeking services.

• Perform other duties as assigned. 

THE POSITION

Tri-City is looking for a special individual to serve as a Clinical Therapist I/II for the Children’s Full Service Partnership/Children and Transitional Age Youth (FSP/ C TAY). The Clinical Therapist I/II provides behavioral health clinical intervention and recovery services to assigned clients and their families; develops treatment plans and performs individual, group, and family psychotherapeutic counseling, routine and emergency assessment, crisis intervention, and related treatment services; manages an assigned caseload of adults, juveniles, and/or children; provides consultation to other staff, programs, and agencies related to treatment needs and plans; and performs related duties as assigned.

This position is responsible for a variety of ongoing responsibilities including, but not limited to:

• Provides individual, group, and family interventions, rehabilitation, and treatment services including counseling, therapy, case management, and referral and linkage to community services to a variety of clients including high acuity clients.

• Within scope of authority, assesses, diagnoses, and treats a variety of clients with mental health disorders; collaborates with clients and creates individualized treatments plans according to client’s needs and circumstances.

• Initiates and conducts individual, group, and family counseling and biopsychosocial therapy sessions utilizing a variety of techniques and modalities; provides case management services in the office and in the field.

• Performs routine and emergency intake evaluations according to Authority procedure; completes appropriate forms and documents relating to the intake process; and prepares medical and demographic case history for use in diagnosis.

• Assists clients and family members in understanding behavioral health diagnosis, contributing factors/causes, effects, prognosis, rehabilitation, and treatment.

• Works with clients to address stressors and barriers to treatment and/or social functioning; identifies and focuses on client strengths and personal resources to effectively engage and treat client.

Description

The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is recruiting for the position of Assistant Counsel I/II in the Office of General Counsel. This position will focus primarily on civil prosecution of air quality violations, including cases seeking civil penalties and/or injunctive relief before the Air District’s administrative Hearing Board and in Superior Court. Experience prosecuting or defending such cases under air quality or other environmental laws, or in other similar enforcement contexts, is highly desirable. The position will also provide legal advice, counseling and representation on related legal issues arising under local, state and federal air pollution laws and regulations, including air quality permitting, development of new regulations, California Environmental Quality Act issues, contract drafting, administrative law issues, and civil rights compliance, among others. Many of the most pressing air quality issues the Bay Area faces relate to disproportionate air pollution burdens in historically disadvantaged communities, so experience and familiarity with environmental justice issues is desirable. This is a full-time, exempt, management position. There is currently one (1) vacancy.
 
About the Bay Area Air Quality Management District:

The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is the government agency responsible for protecting air quality in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Air District is tasked with regulating stationary sources of air pollution in the nine counties that surround San Francisco Bay: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, southwestern Solano, and southern Sonoma counties. It is governed by a 24-member Board of Directors composed of locally elected officials from each of the nine counties. The Air District’s mission is to create a healthy breathing environment for every Bay Area resident, while protecting and improving public health, air quality and the global climate.
 
The Air District aims to achieve its mission through many strategic goals, including: reducing and eliminating health problems caused by air pollution, achieving and maintaining air quality standards, leading the Bay Area’s efforts to fight global climate change, creating high-quality regulatory programs, and applying environmental best practices in all operations. To do so, the Air District regulates air pollution emissions from stationary emission sources such as factories, refineries, and power plants, and from smaller facilities like gas stations and dry cleaners. The Air District ensures that such facilities comply with air pollution laws and regulations, provides incentives to replace older, higher-emitting vehicles and equipment with cleaner alternatives, and gives grants and provides outreach to encourage healthy clean air choices by businesses and consumers. The Air District implements these efforts with an equity focus, aiming to reduce air quality disparities and promote environmental justice by targeting local air pollution in overburdened communities.  
The Air District recognizes and values the contributions of every employee and works to sustain an environment where everyone is respected. We incorporate the principles of diversity, equity and inclusion within our decision-making strategies, policies, procedures, regulations, funding initiatives, public outreach, planning, and hiring.
 
About the Position:
 
Under direction, the position performs legal work of a routine to complex nature representing the Air District, provides advice and counsel to Air District management and staff, represents the Air District in court and administrative proceedings, and performs related work as assigned.
 
Distinguishing Characteristics:
 
Assistant Counsel I is the entry level in this specialized attorney series. It is designed to allow an experienced civil attorney to gain specific environmental law experience. This class is alternately staffed with Assistant Counsel II, and incumbents may advance to the higher level after gaining experience and demonstrating proficiency that meet the qualifications of the higher level class.
 
Assistant Counsel II is the journey level class of this specialized series, fully competent to perform a wide range of environmental law work. This class is responsible for providing effective legal counsel in complex and controversial environmental law matters. This class is distinguished from Senior Assistant Counsel in that the latter assists in administering and coordinating all phases of legal work for the Legal Division.

Examples of Duties for this Position

Prepares and tries routine to difficult cases, often involving a specialized body of law.

Represents the Air District in court and in administrative hearings before boards and commissions and state and federal agencies.

Investigates and prepares reports regarding claims by and against the Air District and recommends actions to be taken.

Advises Air District departmental management regarding Air District authority, jurisdiction, functions and operational procedures.

Researches legal problems and prepares opinions, briefs, ordinances, resolutions, and other legal documents.

Attends Air District departmental, board and commission meetings to provide legal advice on a variety of matters.

Reviews ordinances, resolutions, contracts and other documents for legal sufficiency; recommends modifications as required.

Maintains accurate records and files and compiles reports of work performed.

Monitors legal developments, including proposed legislation and court decisions; evaluates their impact on Air District operations and recommends appropriate action.

Minimum Qualifications

Education and Experience:
 
Assistant Counsel I: Equivalent to graduation from a college or university plus an appropriate law degree and two years of experience as an attorney engaged in the practice of law, preferably with a public agency and preferably involving environmental law and/or enforcement cases, although other relevant experience will be considered.
 
Assistant Counsel II: In addition to the above, two additional years of experience as an attorney engaged in the practice of law, preferably practicing civil environmental enforcement with a public agency in the State of California, although other relevant experience will be considered.
 
 Other Requirements:
 
 Must be a member in good standing of the State Bar of California at the time of hire.

How to Apply & Selection Criteria

HOW TO APPLY: 
Interested individuals must submit a completed application and the responses to the supplemental questions (including a writing sample) no later than 5:00 p.m. on Monday, May 20, 2024. Applications are also accepted online. Please visit our website at www.baaqmd.gov/jobs to apply or to download an application. Resumes are encouraged, but not mandatory, and may not be submitted in lieu of the required application materials. Postmarks, faxes, and E-mailed applications will not be accepted.
 
Except as requested in this announcement, do not include any additional documents, such as letters of recommendation, performance evaluations, etc. They will not be considered or returned.
 
SUPPLEMENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTIONS: 
Individuals who apply for this position must respond to each of the supplemental questions. Both paper and online applications must be received by the Human Resources Office no later than the time and date specified in the vacancy announcement. The responses to the supplemental questions will be used in accordance with the procedures indicated under the Selection Criteria in the vacancy announcement.
 
Instructions: Please limit your responses to one page per question. Do not combine your responses, or reference your application, resume, or any other requested documentation that you have included with your application packet to answer a question. Please be advised that the information you provide will be evaluated “as is” and incomplete or illegible applications will likely receive lower ratings. Therefore, it is very important to provide a concise, organized, and easy to follow response to each question.
 
You must provide the following for each question regarding experience: The name of the employer where you gained your experience, your job title, length of time in years/months performing the specific function, and detailed examples that illustrate your duties and responsibilities.
 
SELECTION CRITERIA: 
Selection may be based upon a competitive examination consisting of a written exercise, interview, or combination of the two. Depending on the number of qualified applicants, an application screening and/or panel interview may be used to determine the most qualified applicants.
 
The Air District may hire from this recruitment process to fill future vacancies occurring within the next 18 months.
 
Updates regarding your status in the recruitment will be sent via email, unless you indicate a different preference on your application.
 
Persons with disabilities who may require reasonable accommodations during the application and/or selection process should notify the Human Resources Office at (415) 749-4980.
 
 The Air District is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

The City of San José, Office of the City Attorney is seeking an entry-level attorney in the Transactional division. Under the direction and supervision of senior management in the Office of the City Attorney, the Associate Deputy City Attorney position will perform basic attorney work benefiting a variety of City Departments while receiving valuable training and experience for a career in public service. This position will be assigned increasingly complex legal work under supervision in support of various City Departments in areas including public works, procurements, employment, land use planning, environmental services, public safety, utilities and housing. Responsibilities also include preparing opinions, ordinances, resolutions, contracts, and other legal documents.

THE POSITION

Tri-City is looking for a special individual to serve as a Clinical Therapist I/II for the Children’s Outpatient (COP) Department. The Clinical Therapist I/II provides behavioral health clinical intervention and recovery services to assigned clients and their families; develops treatment plans and performs individual, group, and family psychotherapeutic counseling, routine and emergency assessment, crisis intervention, and related treatment services; manages an assigned caseload of adults, juveniles, and/or children; provides consultation to other staff, programs, and agencies related to treatment needs and plans; and performs related duties as assigned.

This position is responsible for a variety of ongoing responsibilities including, but not limited to:

• Provides individual, group, and family interventions, rehabilitation, and treatment services including counseling, therapy, case management, and referral and linkage to community services to a variety of clients including high acuity clients.

• Within scope of authority, assesses, diagnoses, and treats a variety of clients with mental health disorders; collaborates with clients and creates individualized treatments plans according to client’s needs and circumstances.

• Initiates and conducts individual, group, and family counseling and biopsychosocial therapy sessions utilizing a variety of techniques and modalities; provides case management services in the office and in the field.

• Performs routine and emergency intake evaluations according to Authority procedure; completes appropriate forms and documents relating to the intake process; and prepares medical and demographic case history for use in diagnosis.

• Assists clients and family members in understanding behavioral health diagnosis, contributing factors/causes, effects, prognosis, rehabilitation, and treatment.

• Works with clients to address stressors and barriers to treatment and/or social functioning; identifies and focuses on client strengths and personal resources to effectively engage and treat client.

San Mateo County Health's Behavioral Health and Recovery Services Division is seeking a responsible, innovative leader and skilled clinician for the position of Supervising Mental Health Clinician - East Palo Alto Services. This Supervising Mental Health Clinician will supervise and coordinate the work of mental health professionals and interns in the East Palo Alto and East Menlo Park geographic area in San Mateo County. This position works closely with community members and community providers to develop and sustain programming that is culturally and community responsive.

This position will participate in program administration, planning and evaluation. The Supervising Mental Health Clinician supervises and guides the clinical team who provides services to seriously emotionally disturbed youth and their families, and seriously mentally ill adults. Services provided include: medication assessment and management; individual, group and family therapy; psychological assessment; case management; rehabilitation services; and crisis intervention.

The current vacancy is in the East Palo Alto Community Counseling Center, located in East Palo Alto but will travel throughout San Mateo County for client visits, trainings and meetings.

The East Palo Alto Community Counseling Center offers a unique setting to provide services to a diverse population in a community-oriented clinic.

This position supervises a multidisciplinary team that provides clinical outpatient services to adults and children and their families. The team may include psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses and social workers and marriage and family therapists. The clinical teams also include master and doctoral level interns and psychiatric residents. In providing clinical services team members also relate to peer counselors and parent partners.

The ideal candidate will possess:

• Knowledge of system of care principles and general services.
• Knowledge of program management techniques and practices.
• Demonstrated expertise and skill in clinical work with adults with serious mental illnesses and youth with serious emotional disturbances; and clients with co-occurring disorders.
• Experience working with clients of diverse cultures and backgrounds and with underserved and/or isolated communities.
• Knowledge of evidence-based clinical practice modalities, e.g. Trauma Informed Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Brief Treatment.
• Knowledge of Medi-Cal and Medicare regulations and managed mental health care.
• Strong clinical assessment, diagnostic and evaluation skills.
• Strong supervisory/leadership skills which demonstrate an ability to direct and motivate a multi-disciplinary team.
• Experience guiding or supervising others during a systemic or programmatic change process.
• Collaborative skills and the ability to establish and maintain productive working relationships with consumers, families, professionals and the public; including collaborative community engagement to plan and implement needed services.
• Ability to make sound decisions based on the exercise of judgment and the consideration of all available information.
• Fluency in Spanish and English is preferred.

Qualifications

Education and Experience:

Any combination of education and experience that would likely provide the required knowledge, skills and abilities is qualifying. A typical way to qualify is:

Education: A Master's degree in a mental health specialty, such as social work, nursing, or clinical counseling.

Experience: Two years of professional post-graduate experience in a mental health setting.

Licensure/Certification:

• Possession of a California license in at least one of the following: Registered Nurse; Clinical Psychology; Clinical Social Worker; or Marriage and Family Therapist.

Application/Examination

Open and Promotional. Anyone may apply. Current County of San Mateo and County of San Mateo Superior Court of California employees with at least six months (1040 hours) of continuous service in a classified regular, probationary, Confidential and Management extra-help/limited term, and SEIU or AFSCME represented extra help/limited term positions prior to the final filing date will receive five points added to their final passing score on this examination.

RECRUITMENT SCHEDULE

Apply immediately. This is a continuous recruitment and is open until filled. Selections may be made at any time within the process.