Looking for a career with impact? The City and County of San Francisco (CCSF) and some of its various departments are hiring Custodians! Help us create a clean and welcoming space for guests, employees, tenants, and the communities we serve while growing your career. Interested? Apply today!

Under direction, the Custodian performs routine manual cleaning tasks in public buildings, schools, other facilities, and surrounding areas. 

Examples of essential duties include but not limited to the following:

• Sweeps, scrubs, mops, spots and waxes floors; vacuums and cleans rugs and carpets.
• Cleans, dusts and polishes cabinets, furniture and woodwork; empties and cleans waste receptacles and ashtrays.
• Cleans stairways and hallways; cleans and disinfects restrooms and replenishes supplies; may perform minor duties in unplugging sinks and toilets; cleans offices and lobbies; cleans ceilings, walls, window shades, light fixtures and venetian blinds.
• Assists in moving and arranging furniture and equipment.
• Turns out lights and locks doors and windows.
• Operates scrubbers, buffers, waxers and related electrical appliances and equipment; may tend simple, low pressure heating and ventilating systems; may check water levels in gauges and periodically perform routine servicing to boilers and pumps.
• In recreational areas, cleans auditoriums, gymnasiums, club houses and locker rooms; picks up papers and rubbish in play areas; hangs flags and decorations; reports evidences of vandalism, broken plumbing, windows, doors, locks, etc.
• May wash interior glass partitions and interior and exterior windows which can be easily reached from floor or ground level.
• As school custodian, may supervise and maintain order among students during recess periods; distributes milk or other refreshments to students; performs minor duties in repairing  chairs, desks and toys.
• Performs related duties and responsibilities as assigned.

The City of San Mateo Parks and Recreation Department is looking for a highly qualified, experienced Community Services Manager

Why Join our Department?

The Parks and Recreation Department’s mission is to enhance the quality of life and strengthen the bonds of community by providing an appropriate mix of safe, well-maintained and well-designed parks, open spaces, and community center facilities that are accessible for all residents; provide enriching leisure opportunities for all age groups; and to preserve and protect the City’s natural resources, including its urban forest, public open spaces, and landscaped medians and islands.

As the Community Services Manager, you will serve as the strategic lead in developing comprehensive programing of recreational, instructional, and community-building activities. You will have the opportunity to make a lasting, positive impact on the community for years to come by invigorating the division with fresh ideas and directing the trajectory of recreation activities, program development, and community engagement.

Look to some of the reasons why the City of San Mateo is a great place to work, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GTIzeSpc_g

What You’ll Do

The Community Services Manager is responsible for planning, directing, and supervising the leisure, cultural, and human services activities of the Division and providing highly responsible professional and technical staff assistance. Duties may include, but are not limited to the following:

• Plan, organize, coordinate and direct the work of subordinates in developing and implementing a broad and diversified community recreation and human services program.
• Participate as a member of the community-based network of Human Services Agencies.
• Develop and implement changes in staffing, goals, objectives, policies and procedures to ensure maximum effectiveness and efficiency.
• Develop programs of service to meet community needs including plans for efficient and economical use of labor, buildings, equipment and materials.
• Attend meetings of and prepare reports for Commissions and Advisory Groups; provide technical and professional advice and recommendations relating to recreation and human services.
• Respond to and resolve difficult resident inquiries and complaints.
• Prepare and administer the division budget, maintaining appropriate budgetary controls.
• Administer federal, state and special project grants.
• Participate in planning, organizing, and coordinating the development, construction, and maintenance of parks, recreation buildings, playground areas, and other facilities.
• Direct the scheduling of work projects and the determination of equipment, material and personnel needs with the Division.
• Establish and maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.
• Supervise the maintenance of a variety of records and reports.
• Select, supervise, train, and evaluate assigned personnel.

The Community Services Manager receives direction from the Director of Parks and Recreation or higher-level department personnel and exercises direct supervision over professional, technical and clerical staff.

For a complete list of duties, reference our job specifications at https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/Home/Index/86c

THE OPPORTUNITY

The City of Pacifica is a beautiful coastal community, just south of San Francisco with an exciting opportunity. We are currently hiring for Maintenance Assistants to join our team. Under general supervision, Maintenance Assistants perform unskilled/semi-skilled labor and maintenance work.

At the City of Pacifica, we are an equal opportunity employer and value diversity. All aspects of employment including the decision to hire, promote, discipline, or discharge, will be based on merit, competence, performance, and business needs. To us, equal opportunity employment is not just about compliance, it’s about who you are, how you can help our City and who you want to be. We are committed to creating an inclusive environment for all employees and residents.

SALARY

$19.00 - $23.00 per hour

This is a part-time, at-will, non-benefited position. Hours are limited to less than 1,000 hours per year.

BASIC EXAMPLE OF DUTIES

Duties may include, but are not limited to the following:

• Perform a variety of unskilled/semi-skilled maintenance or custodial duties involving manual labor of facilities, parks, storm drains, streets, etc.
• Clean and inspect facilities for vandalism or potential hazards.
• Sanitize surfaces, repair minor plumbing problems, diagnose basic sewer issues, replace components on fixtures.
• Maintain area(s) as assigned including parks and public buildings, performing basic repairs, inspections and landscaping.
• Load and unload supplies and materials.
• Assist with various areas of public works such as minor asphalt repairs, brush removal, facility repairs, stewardship of protected species, etc.
• Perform related duties as assigned.

Please refer to job description for additional information.

Redwood City is seeking a visionary leader in the fire service who demonstrates the passion and versatility needed to serve two vibrant Bay Area urban communities. Known for upholding high service standards, the ideal candidate will be an energetic leader capable of generating commitment and momentum around a compelling vision that is aligned with City Council and community priorities.

The successful candidate will be a respected and relatable industry professional adept at engaging with a multi-generational workforce and two diverse communities. Experience working and building relationships with historically underserved populations is highly desirable. The ability to build and maintain effective relationships with labor groups, community-based organizations, and service partners is also essential to be successful in the role.

The closing date for this recruitment is midnight on Sunday, October 6, 2024. To be considered for this opportunity, upload cover letter, resume and list of six professional references using the "Apply Now" feature at www.tbcrecruiting.com. 

Please click on the links below to review the complete job brochure and apply for the position.

$55.00 - $70.20/hour 

Ross Valley Sanitary District is seeking an Inspector excited to join our high performing team. Inspectors work with contractors, homeowners and real estate agents to ensure construction projects meet District standards while educating and providing excellent customer service to the public.

Under general supervision of the Senior Engineer, the Inspector performs advanced, complex, and critical inspections of District infrastructure. Working independently, the Inspector is responsible for ensuring compliance with District regulations and codes related to the repair of District infrastructure, construction of private sewers, and collection system pump stations. Inspectors are also responsible for ensuring safety measures are applied at job sites.

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE:

• Check and review construction plans for construction and repair on public and private sewers.
• Perform civil, structural, mechanical, and basic electrical inspections on construction and repair on District sewer mains, and private sewer laterals performed by contractors or other agencies.
• Communicate status of work to Engineer and co-workers as appropriate.
• Check surveys and plans for accuracy and document site conditions prior to start of construction.
• Inspect construction and backfill materials in all stages of progress to ensure compliance with District specifications, standards, ordinances, and for approval of authorized construction.
• Read and interpret construction plans, documents, and specifications.
• Ensure compliance with District and regulatory standards, plans, ordinances, and specifications regarding construction methods, equipment, workmanship, and quantity and quality of materials used in the project.
• Prepare and maintain records, reports, and documentation required by regulatory agencies and District policy.
• Confer with contractors’ field representatives regarding either work or materials that deviate from plans and specifications; ensure approved corrective measures are applied.
• Verify that Cal-OSHA approved safety precautions are practiced when on construction sites.
• Perform and interpret CCTV inspections of sewer lines; interpret and evaluate CCTV inspections done by subcontractors.
• Inspect and investigate complaints and sewage discharge violations.
• Verify proper testing methodology of air, soil, and vacuum tests, and proper CCTV televising of sewer lines.
• Prepare inspection reports and field sketches of sewer locations, preliminary project layouts, and monitor that work is performed within required timelines.
• Maintain records of field observations, permits, test reports, as-built plans and prepare reports.
• Provide customer service to residents, contractors, and representatives of private/public agencies.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS

Education, Training, and Experience

Any combination of education and experience that provides the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for this position. A typical way of obtaining the required qualifications is to possess the equivalent of:

• Completion of the twelfth grade, or its equivalent.
• Coursework in algebra, geometry; mapping is highly desirable.
• Four years of journey-level work experience in sewer, maintenance, industrial, and/or public works construction in public agency or private sector.

Licensing, Certification, and Registration

Possession of the following licensures, certifications, and/or registrations are required:

• Ability to obtain a Grade II Collection System Maintenance Certificate from the California Water Environment Association within one year of hire.
• Must possess a valid California Driver’s License Class “C”, have a satisfactory driving record, and continue to meet District’s vehicle liability insurance company’s driving standards.

San Mateo Consolidated Fire Department

The San Mateo Consolidated Fire Department commenced operations on January 13, 2019. The Fire Department is proud to serve the Cities of Belmont, Foster City and San Mateo as a Joint Powers Authority. The Department collectively has ten engines and two trucks operating out of nine fire stations.  There are 164 full-time employees assigned to one of the following divisions:  Administration, Community Risk Reduction, Training, Emergency Preparedness, Fire Operations and EMS.  The Department serves nearly 164,000 residents daily with a day-time population around 230,000.   Additionally, the department participates in a mutual aid program throughout the county, helping to serve a million people daily. The Department has a healthy collaborative atmosphere and encourages participation at all levels. For more information visit: www.smcfire.org.

 Proudly Serving the Communities of

 The City of Belmont

Belmont is home to approximately 27,000 residents.  Known for its wooded hills, views of the San Francisco Bay and stretches of open space, Belmont is a quiet residential community in the midst of the culturally and technologically rich Bay Area. For more information about the City, visit Belmont’s website at:  www.belmont.gov.

The City of Foster City

Foster City is home to approximately 33,000 residents and a wide array of industry, including some of the bay area’s elite businesses. Conveniently located midway between San Francisco and San Jose, Foster City prides itself on its well-planned neighborhoods, shopping centers, and a supreme quality of life. Foster City’s temperate climate, diverse cultural attractions, beautiful parks, excellent school district and unique waterfront setting offer a quality of life that is unsurpassed. For additional information about the City, visit Foster City’s website at: www.fostercity.org.

The City of San Mateo

San Mateo is a city of approximately 101,000 residents, strategically located midway between San Francisco and San Jose, and is within the Silicon Valley.  One of the City’s strengths is its diversity, both in the ethnic makeup and the physical development of the community.  San Mateo has a vibrant business and retail environment with national and international businesses, two major shopping centers and an active downtown.  The community values its historic and new residential neighborhoods and a recent major development added 1,500 new homes, 300,000 square feet of new retail and approximately 1.5 million square feet of commercial office space.  For additional information about the City, visit San Mateo’s website at: www.cityofsanmateo.org.

Applications are being accepted for the position of Community Resource Clerk (Recreation Leader III) with the City of South San Francisco. This is a non-benefited, part-time/hourly position. 

APPLICATION DEADLINE: OPEN UNTIL FILLED. IF INTERESTED, PLEASE APPLY IMMEDIATELY, AS RECRUITMENT MAY CLOSE AT ANY TIME.

Hourly Rate: $21.77 - $26.46 per hour

The Position

The City of South San Francisco seeks customer service-oriented individuals to join the Community Resource Team at the new Library | Parks and Recreation Center. This position is shared between the Library Department and Parks and Recreation Department and works under the direction of the Community Resource Analyst. The Community Resource Clerk will typically be stationed at the lobby desks on the first and second floors of the new Library | Parks and Recreation Center at 901 Civic Campus Way in South San Francisco, however, may temporarily be assigned to other sites, or to represent the departments at special events. This position will provide a welcoming presence by greeting members of the public and responding to visitor inquiries to assist with wayfinding in the facility and sharing information about activities in the building as well as city and other local community resources.

Public Works Inspector 

Salary Range: $95,030 - $128,289 

Tentative interviews are scheduled for October 21, 2024—time to be determined. 
 

The Town of Los Altos Hills is currently seeking a qualified Public Works Inspector to join our dedicated team. This position offers a unique opportunity to contribute to developing and maintaining public infrastructure, ensuring that projects align with the Town's standards and regulations.

About the Position

The Public Works Inspector, reporting to the Public Works Director/City Engineer or a designated Manager/Engineer, is a non-exempt, hourly position responsible for supervising other inspectors as needed. This role is open for recruitment or may be flexibly staffed through promotion. The incumbent performs a range of journey-level to advanced public works inspection duties, focusing on municipal construction projects and private development, particularly concerning sanitary sewer systems, storm infrastructure, and street construction. Responsibilities include issuing and inspecting encroachment permits and sewer connection permits in compliance with Town Ordinances and applicable federal and state regulations. The position involves both office and fieldwork, addressing community requests and concerns related to these projects.

Key Responsibilities

The duties of the Public Works Inspector may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Inspect Town projects and private developments at various stages to ensure conformance with plans, specifications, and applicable regulations as approved by the Town.
• For Town capital or maintenance projects, check project plans and specifications for constructability, accuracy, suitability, and completeness and make recommendations to Public Works engineers.
• Assist with the Public Works engineers in preparing plans, specifications, and cost estimates for various capital improvement and maintenance projects.
• Participate in collecting field surveys and mapping data. Assist Public Works engineers in collecting/verifying field data and quantifying estimations for projects.
• In systematic and organized ways, prepare/document and maintain daily inspection reports, progress reports, project schedules, progress payments, change orders, claims, and other written documentation; maintain photographic documentation of various phases of construction; document and report on field changes; and collect certified payrolls.
• Validate monthly progress payments from contractors.  Record the amounts and type of materials used and work performed to prepare necessary reports for progress payments.
• Document deficiencies and deviations from plans and specifications, consult with engineers or supervisors, and direct the means and timing of compliance with contractor personnel. 
• Review and facilitate Public Works permit applications; consult and coordinate with Public Works engineers for approval of applications/permits; provide assistance and guidance to applicants; assess fees and issue Public Works permits including encroachment and sewer connection permits; facilitate pre-construction meetings; provide timely inspections services; and closeout of permits.
• Review plans and specifications of assigned projects, consult with engineers, and attend pre-job conferences.  
• With guidance from the Public Works Director/City Engineer or direct supervisor, meet and confer with developers, contractors, engineers, and the general public relative to Town policies, regulations and procedures, and coordinate discrepancies/problem situations with a wide variety of stakeholders.
• Inspect materials used for conformity to specifications.  
• Coordinate the review of contractor’s submittals for construction projects; confer with contractors and developers regarding conformance to standards, plans, specifications, and codes; consult with the Public Works engineers; and evaluate alternatives. 
• Consult with engineering and other department staff regarding field issues and deviations from the approved plans and specifications or permit requirements. 
• Conduct preconstruction meetings and project site inspections to document existing conditions. 
• Assist in providing responses to Contractor Request for Information (RFI) or questions from developers.
• Review the contractor’s construction schedule for compliance with Town or project requirements. 
• Monitor and enforce traffic control plans as approved by a traffic engineer and per Town requirements. 
• Conduct weekly project meetings with contractors and stakeholders. 
• Schedule quality assurance materials testing to verify compliance including source inspections and materials acceptance; review test reports; and compare Certificates of Compliance or source release tags with the applicable materials at the project site. 
• Prepare initial punch list and consolidate comments into final punch list and perform final project inspection.
• Perform various duties related to assigned projects, including coordination with other Town departments and utility/external agencies.  
• Respond to inquiries and complaints by researching information, inspecting areas of concern, advising contractors and residents of problems, and recommending corrective actions.
• Research information on construction projects, document findings and related subjects and prepare reports and correspondence to communicate findings/recommendations to management.
• Conduct inspections for erosion and sediment control measures, Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit, and other NPDES-related inspections.  
• Monitor and enforce contractor’s compliance with the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit (MRP) provisions. 
• Schedule and participate in utility coordination meetings with utility agencies. 
• Daily monitoring of the Underground Service Alert (USA) request system and marking of Town utilities. 
• As approved by the Public Works Director/City Engineer, prepare and issue “stop work” notices for work being done without permits, unsafe working conditions, and noncompliance with permit requirements.
• Act as liaison between the Town, contractors, other agencies, and residents affected by projects; maintain communication among the parties; respond to and resolve issues and complaints or refer them to the proper office for resolution; and prepare work orders in response to complaints. 
• Investigate field problems and public works service requests affecting property owners, contractors, and maintenance operations and resolve issues to achieve satisfactory results.
• Coordinate public works activities with other Town departments and with outside agencies.

• Apply and enforce relevant codes, ordinances, rules, and regulations; and, as assigned, oversee regulatory agency permits and requirements.

• Coordinate/manage the annual townwide survey of Town trees performed by consulting arborist. 
• As directed, inspect the conditions of town assets such as streets, sanitary sewers, storm infrastructure, pathways, street trees, and facilities.
• Regularly inspect deficiencies and maintenance/safety issues around the Town and create work orders as necessary.’ Provide excellent customer service to citizens, staff, and outside organizations.  Follow up on complaints and inquiries and provide responses and solutions in a timely manner.
• Attend work-related training for public work job function requirements.
• Effectively use computer systems, software applications relevant to work performed, and modern business equipment to perform various work tasks. 
• Establish, maintain, and foster positive and effective working relationships with those contacted during work.
• Perform other inspector-related duties as assigned.

Minimum Qualifications

The successful candidate for the Public Works Inspector position must possess the following knowledge, skills, and abilities:

Knowledge of:

• Materials, methods, principles, and practices used in public works construction, including streets, pavement, pathways, sanitary sewer, storm drains, and related appurtenances. 
• Principles and practices of construction inspection related to streets, sanitary sewers, storm infrastructure, pathways, and grading.
• Technical principles and practices of construction activities and land survey. 
• Basic practices of construction contract administration in a public agency setting. 
• Applicable Federal, State, and local laws, codes, and regulations, including administrative and department policies and procedures. 
• Technical principles and practices of construction design, specification, and cost estimate preparation. 
• Defects and faults in construction. 
• Materials sampling, testing, and estimating procedures. 
• Mathematical principles. 
• Principles and procedures of record keeping. 
• Municipality permitting process.
• Techniques for providing high customer service by effectively dealing with the public, vendors, contractors, and City staff.
• Modern equipment and communication tools used for business functions and program, project, and task coordination, including computers and software programs relevant to work performed. 

Ability to:

• Utilize online permit tracking applications such as TRAKiT.
• Oversee construction projects and land surveys. 
• Effectively interpret and apply applicable laws, regulations, and policies for construction projects, private developments, and Public Works permits.
• Make accurate computations and prepare complete and accurate descriptions and agreements.
• Detect and locate deficiencies in construction and violations of applicable codes at the earliest possible stage.
• Prepare concise reports and maintain accurate records.
• Maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.
• Communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing, using appropriate English grammar and syntax. 
• Technical report writing and preparation of correspondence. 
• Establish and maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.
• Work independently.
• Work in inclement weather.

Experience and Training Guidelines
Any combination of education, training, and experience that provides the required knowledge, skills, and abilities will be considered. A typical path to qualifying for the Public Works Inspector position includes:

• Completion of the twelfth grade or possession of a high school equivalency.
• At least two years of full-time experience in public works inspection or maintenance.

Licenses and Certifications

• Possession of a valid California Class C driver's license and a satisfactory driving record is required for initial and continued employment.
• The APWA Public Infrastructure Inspector Certification is highly desirable but not required.

Working Conditions

This position requires both fieldwork and office duties. The Public Works Inspector will frequently travel from site to site for inspections and work in an office environment utilizing computers and other business equipment. The role involves working independently in the field, sometimes alone, at various project sites.

Physical Demand

The candidate must have the physical ability to:

• Travel to and work at various sites within and outside the Town.
• Sit, stand, walk, stoop, crawl, crouch, and climb for extended periods.
• Navigate steep or rough terrain and work outdoors in various weather conditions.
• Lift and carry materials weighing up to 50 pounds.
• Work in a standard office setting and shall use standard office equipment, including computers, tablets, and phones.
• Work extended hours and off-hour shifts or attend events as required.

The Community

Located nearly halfway between the metropolitan powerhouses of San Francisco and the state’s capital, Sacramento, Suisun City is a hidden gem of the Bay Area. Suisun City is accessible from Interstate 80 via Highway 12 and Amtrak’s Capitol Corridor commuter rail service right to the heart of the City’s historic Waterfront District, making it a prime location for job seekers as well as homeowners. The community is a unique destination for a Bay Area day trip, an overnight getaway or even a place to work, particularly with its reverse commute for inner Bay Area residents. The Waterfront Promenade offers beautiful views and serves as an ideal setting for a myriad of outdoor activities, dining choices and lunch hour strolls.

The Department

The Suisun City Fire Department was established in 1861. The men and women of SCFD take great pride in the customer service that they provide to all who live, work and travel through Suisun City. SCFD is a mission-driven fire agency that remains focused on customers and safety. It is our goal that all members strive to attain a synergistic balance of education, training, and experience to provide excellent emergency management on every call. SCFD is a combination agency staffed with both full-time and volunteer fire personnel. We currently operate two Type 1 Fire Engines, one Type 3 Fire Engine, Ladder Truck, three Command Vehicles, one Type 5 Fire Engine, Zodiac Rescue Boats, and one USAR Trailer. The Suisun City Fire Department is an ALS (Paramedic) level department, supported by Medic Ambulance for transport services. Station 47 is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The Position

The ideal candidate would know and be responsible for performance of the full scope of assigned fire suppression, fire prevention, emergency medical care responsibilities, and for the protection of life and property. New incumbents may have limited related experience but are expected to learn the full range of duties and responsibilities, perform duties with minimal direct supervision, and exercise sound judgment and discretion in making decisions. Firefighters work a 48/96 work schedule, comprised of two 24-hour shifts followed by four 24-hour days off, averaging 56 hours per week.

The City of San Carlos has an opportunity for a full-time Maintenance Worker to work in their Public Works Department. This classification performs a variety of routine, heavy labor and semi-skilled tasks in the maintenance and repair of public works facilities, City parks, and City buildings.

Essential Duties

• Perform daily safety checks and routine maintenance of equipment to ensure it is safe for use.
• Use proper techniques for operation of equipment and tools in a safe manner, according to accepted City procedures.
• Operate maintenance equipment and tools such as trucks, power tools, sewer rodder, hydraulic jet rodder/vacuum truck, loader backhoe, compressor, boom truck, CCTV truck, pneumatic and electro-mechanical controls, and related equipment and tools for a variety of construction and maintenance operations.
• Perform on-call duties and work in emergency situations as required.
• Install, repair and modify pump station machinery and controls.
• Check pump stations for proper operation; troubleshoot and remedy malfunctions and stoppages.
• Read and interpret maps of underground sewer and drainage systems.
• Paint traffic markings on streets, crosswalks, parking lots, and curbs; operate airless line striping equipment.
• Manufacture and install traffic signs and remove signs no longer required.
• Design and manufacture special signs for municipal facilities.
• Install and remove traffic barricades and cones as required.
• Repair surface failures, utility cuts, chuckholes and seals cracks in asphalt pavements properly and competently.
• Break out and replace concrete sidewalks and gutters using a concrete saw, pavement breaker, wooden forms, and hand tools to finish the surface.
• Clean sanitary sewer lines using hand tools, a hydraulic jet rodder/vacuum and mechanical rodder.
• Excavate, remove, and install sanitary sewer pipes utilizing hand tools, power tools such as pneumatic pavement breakers, compaction equipment and loader backhoe.
• Repair storm drains, catch basins and storm drain pipes.
• Drive dump trucks to haul material to and from the job sites.
• Rake leaves, shovel and digs holes.
• Pick up and dispose of trash and debris from parks and roadsides.
• Control the growth of weeds in lawn areas, shrub areas and flower beds using hand tools, spray equipment and weed eaters.
• Trim trees, hedges, and shrubs using appropriate equipment, remove debris.
• Check irrigation sprinkler systems and ensures their proper functioning, by cleaning and adjusting heads and digging up and repairing broken lines.
• Clean City's park buildings by sweeping and mopping floors, carpets, and cleaning restroom facilities. Replaces light bulbs.
• Provide set up of tables and chairs for City functions.