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The Community

Located nearly halfway between the metropolitan powerhouses of San Francisco and the state’s capital, Sacramento, Suisun City is a hidden gem of the Bay Area. Suisun City is accessible from Interstate 80 via Highway 12 and Amtrak’s Capitol Corridor commuter rail service right to the heart of the City’s historic Waterfront District, making it a prime location for job seekers as well as homeowners. The community is a unique destination for a Bay Area day trip, an overnight getaway or even a place to work, particularly with its reverse commute for inner Bay Area residents. The Waterfront Promenade offers beautiful views and serves as an ideal setting for a myriad of outdoor activities, dining choices and lunch hour strolls.

The Department

The City’s Volunteer Fire Department is older than the City itself, founded as a volunteer corps in 1861 to replace a U.S. Army fire brigade. The largest volunteer urban Fire Department in California has undergone change to become a combination department, composed of both paid and volunteer staff. In addition, the department provides Advance Life Support (ALS) services and responds to over 3,000 calls for service annually. Staffing includes a Fire Chief, one Deputy Chief, one Fire Marshal, six Fire Captains, six Fire Engineers, an Administrative Assistant and 10 Reserve Volunteer Firefighters. Dispatch is staffed through the Public Safety Dispatch Center housed at the Police Department. Ambulance services are handled through a countywide contract. The Suisun City Department responds to fire, emergency and medical calls, as well as attaching units to wildland strike teams, when possible.

The Position

The ideal candidate will be a team-oriented problem-solver with a focus on public service. Recruits enter a training program to develop skills necessary to demonstrate abilities to respond to emergency fire and medical alarms, to protect life and property, to participate in fire suppression training and emergency medical training, to assist with station, apparatus and equipment maintenance, and to do related work as required. Volunteers are required to participate in a minimum of two 24 hour shifts or four 12 hour day shifts each month and complete assigned training.

The City of Dixon is opening a great opportunity for those curious to learn about the ins and outs of police work for the position of Police Cadet in the Police Department. Under the supervision of veteran Police Officer's the cadet experiences what it takes to develop important cadet skills. Examples: cadet patrol, traffic control, attending meetings, delivery of witness subpoenas, report taking, provide assistance to the various bureaus within the department, directing phone calls to the appropriate personnel, learns how to interact with the community during all kinds of problem-solving situations.

This is an entry-level, volunteer position intended as an educational and career development internship. In addition to serving a support role within the Police Department, this classification is exposed to a wide variety of law enforcement duties and will gain experience in the work place.

A Cadet volunteers a minimum of 8 hours per month and work is conducted both in a police station and in the field. Work involves irregular, often non-scheduled, hours during the day and evenings, and on the weekdays, weekends, and holidays.

Employment Processing: Those selected for hire must successfully complete and pass the following: a personal background investigation, and a pre-employment drug screen. In accordance with Federal law, an employee must provide proof of identity and legal right to work in the United States.

Veteran’s Preference Points: Veteran’s Preference points will be applied. A copy of the DD214 form must be filed as a PDF attachment at the time of application. 

The City of Dixon is an EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER. Reasonable Accommodation in the application, examination and selection process will be made upon request by calling (707) 678-7000.

Please do not reply to emails from CalOpps during this process at any time as this correspondence does not come back to our agency.

The City of Dixon is opening a great opportunity for those interested in contributing to local law enforcement efforts for the position of Police Volunteer in the Police Department. Under the direction and supervision of experienced police personnel, volunteers will provide critical support across various functions, complementing the efforts of sworn officers and civilian staff.

This is a volunteer position intended as an educational and community service experience. In addition to serving a support role within the Police Department, this classification is exposed to a wide variety of law enforcement duties and will have different opportunities, based on level of interest, to support community policing efforts and activities.

Work involves irregular, often non-scheduled, hours during the day and evenings, and on the weekdays, weekends, and holidays. Some appointments and events would require some short distance travel to other City department locations.

Employment Processing: Those selected for hire must successfully complete and pass the following: a personal background investigation, and a pre-employment medical examination. In accordance with Federal law, an employee must provide proof of identity and legal right to work in the United States.

Veteran’s Preference Points: Veteran’s Preference points will be applied. A copy of the DD214 form must be filed as a PDF attachment at the time of application. 

The City of Dixon is an EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER. Reasonable Accommodation in the application, examination and selection process will be made upon request by calling (707) 678-7000.

Please do not reply to emails from CalOpps during this process at any time as this correspondence does not come back to our agency.

The City of Dixon is preparing for the 2025 Aquatic season and is recruiting qualified Lifeguard/ Swim Instructor I/II applicants.

Under the direction of the Recreation Supervisor and Senior Lifeguard/Swim Instructor, Lifeguard/Swim Instructor performs a variety of duties to ensure the City of Dixon swimming pool is a safe and enjoyable aquatic facility. Supervises pool patrons, enforces pool rules, performs first aid and emergency rescues, instructs swim lessons, performs cashiering duties, leads recreational activities; performs related and other work as required.

Staff may be expected to work weekends and on fixed holidays.  Those who work on a City Holiday will earn 1 1/2 times their base hourly salary.

This position is subject to random controlled substance testing and/or breath alcohol testing.

Employment Processing: Those selected are subject to pre-employment drug testing and fingerprinting. In accordance with Federal law, an employee must provide proof of identity and proof that they may legally work in the United States.

Veteran's Preference Points: Veteran's Preference Points will be applied in accordance with the City's Personnel Rules & Regulations. A copy of the DD214 form must be filed at the time of application.

The City of Dixon is an EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER. 

Please do not reply to any emails coming from CalOpps at any time during this process as this correspondence does not come back to our agency.

LIBRARIAN I/II

Level I:  $6,716 - $8,163 per month

Level II:  $7,055 - $8,575 per month

Plus excellent benefits

APPLICATION DEADLINE:  Apply by Wednesday, May 21, 2025,  at 5:00 pm

THE CITY is focused on enhancing our community members’ quality of life through well-designed services and a positive workplace culture. San Rafael is the economic and cultural heart of Marin County, and its high quality of life is centered on its commercial districts, engaged neighborhoods, active lifestyle, and natural environment. San Rafael, with a population of approximately 60,000, is a full-service city with a City Council/City Manager form of government with 12 departments, more than 400 employees, and a fiscal year 2024-2025 annual budget of approximately $180 million. The City’s vision is to be a vibrant economic and cultural center reflective of its diversity. The City Council is engaged and seeks to strengthen the urban and commercial areas as well as sustain the beautiful natural environment. 

San Rafael’s Organizational culture framework is an initiative called “Together San Rafael.” City employees are our greatest asset, and we seek talented individuals with diverse backgrounds who are creative, curious, and excited about a challenge. We are a results-driven team focused on the needs of community members. The Together San Rafael initiative is focused on modernizing City services and increasing the engagement of employees. This initiative recognizes the interconnectedness of the customer and employee experience. 

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

The Library and Recreation Department is comprised of two divisions, Library and Recreation & Childcare, that are dedicated to enhancing the quality of life of San Rafael residents. The Department’s mission is to enrich the community through discovery, learning, and play, and strives to maximize the delivery of strategically aligned programs and services to provide the highest value for the community.

The Library Division operates with a $4.4 million budget and 22 full-time employees in fiscal year 2024/2025. The San Rafael Public Library consists of three branches—Downtown, Pickleweed, and Northgate—and is part of the MARINet consortium. Exciting projects include a $3 million modernization of the Downtown branch, set for completion by July 2025, and a $2 million renovation of the Pickleweed branch, with construction beginning in August 2025. Additionally, the City is planning a new, joint Library and Community Center at Albert Park, while also focusing on operational improvements and championing innovative library programs and services.

THE POSITION

The Librarian I/II will perform varied professional library work, including collection development of library materials; development of library services, programs, outreach, and marketing; technical services work; and assisting patrons with basic and complex informational requests.  The Librarian I/II will be proficient with library systems.  

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (Including but not limited to)

This list is meant to be representative, not exhaustive.  CLICK HERE for the full job description.

• Provide a range of services to patrons, including complex reference and readers' advisory; circulation and patron account requests; and advanced assistance with accessing library materials, technology, and resources.
• Maintain awareness of emerging trends in technology, reference services, and librarianship.
• Participate in the development, implementation, and evaluation of library programs, events, volunteers, and services.
• Organize and lead outreach visits outside the library at events and to community partners to present and promote library services.
• May evaluate, select, and order books and media items for one or m ore collection areas in the library, and evaluate items for withdrawal from the library collection.
• Support and provide content for the development and implementation of marketing strategies.  
• May provide direction, training, and support to paraprofessional staff in one or more of the following areas:  collection development, circulation, technical services, programs and services, events, outreach, and marketing.
• Follow all safety rules and protocols; take appropriate action as required to identify and correct techniques and practices and report safety and security concerns in a timely and appropriate manner to their supervisor.

EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE

Any combination equivalent to experience and education that would likely provide the required knowledge and abilities would be qualifying.  A typical way of gaining the knowledge, skill and ability outlined  in the job spec is:  

Librarian I:  

• This is the entry-level in the professional librarian series.

Librarian II:  

• Two years of professional library experience at the Librarian I level or equivalent is required

For Both Levels:

• Ability to communicate effectively in Spanish, Vietnamese, ASL, or other community languages is desired, and may be required for some assignments.
• Equivalent to a master's degree in library science, library and information services, or similar curriculum, issued by a college or university accredited by the American Library Association is preferred.  
• Progressively responsible-related experience may be substituted for the college coursework on a year-for-year basis.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS

• While possession of a valid California Class C Driver's License is not required, incumbents may need to report to different job sites and travel to offsite outreach, events, etc.  
• Ability to report to different locations during the workday to perform the essential functions of the position may be required. 

PHYSICAL DEMANDS

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job.  Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. 

While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to stand; walk; sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel; reach with hands and arms; and talk or hear.  the employee is occasionally required to climb or balance; stoop, kneel crouch, or crawl and smell.  The employee must frequently lift and/or move up to 10 pounds and occasionally lift and/or move up to 25 pounds.  Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, and ability to adjust focus.  

SENIOR LIBRARIAN

The City of San Rafael is looking to fill three (3) Senior Librarian positions with this recruitment.

$7,761 - $9,433 per month

Plus excellent benefits

APPLICATION DEADLINE:  Apply by Wednesday, May 21, 2025,  at 5:00 pm

THE CITY is focused on enhancing our community members’ quality of life through well-designed services and a positive workplace culture. San Rafael is the economic and cultural heart of Marin County, and its high quality of life is centered on its commercial districts, engaged neighborhoods, active lifestyle, and natural environment. San Rafael, with a population of approximately 60,000, is a full-service city with a City Council/City Manager form of government with 12 departments, more than 400 employees, and a fiscal year 2024-2025 annual budget of approximately $180 million. The City’s vision is to be a vibrant economic and cultural center reflective of its diversity. The City Council is engaged and seeks to strengthen the urban and commercial areas as well as sustain the beautiful natural environment. 

San Rafael’s Organizational culture framework is an initiative called “Together San Rafael.” City employees are our greatest asset, and we seek talented individuals with diverse backgrounds who are creative, curious, and excited about a challenge. We are a results-driven team focused on the needs of community members. The Together San Rafael initiative is focused on modernizing City services and increasing the engagement of employees. This initiative recognizes the interconnectedness of the customer and employee experience. 

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

The Library and Recreation Department is comprised of two divisions, Library and Recreation & Childcare, that are dedicated to enhancing the quality of life of San Rafael residents. The Department’s mission is to enrich the community through discovery, learning, and play, and strives to maximize the delivery of strategically aligned programs and services to provide the highest value for the community.

The Library Division operates with a $4.4 million budget and 22 full-time employees in fiscal year 2024/2025. The San Rafael Public Library consists of three branches—Downtown, Pickleweed, and Northgate—and is part of the MARINet consortium. Exciting projects include a $3 million modernization of the Downtown branch, set for completion by July 2025, and a $2 million renovation of the Pickleweed branch, with construction beginning in August 2025. Additionally, the City is planning a new, joint Library and Community Center at Albert Park, while also focusing on operational improvements and championing innovative library programs and services.

THE POSITION

The Senior Librarian is responsible for a full range of complex librarian duties including classification; cataloging; reference; readers advisory; collection development; program planning, development, and evaluation; outreach and marketing; and service to specialized populations including youth, adults, and/or non-English speaking individuals.  

IDEAL CANDIDATE

We are seeking three dedicated and experienced Senior Librarians to oversee key areas within our library system.  Each Senior Librarian will be responsible for one of the following units:  Children's Services, Adult/Teen Services, or Branch Services.  The ideal candidate will have a solid background in library operations, including collection development, reference services, program planning, and community outreach.  Proven leadership skills are essential, with experience in supervising and training professional and paraprofessional staff while maintaining high service standards.  Expertise in reference services, library technologies, and creating programs for diverse populations, including youth and non-English speakers, will be crucial in meeting the evolving needs of our community.

The ideal candidate will be passionate about providing exceptional library services and fostering a collaborative, supportive work environment.  Strong reference and reader's advisory skills, a deep understanding of modern library practices, and the ability to effectively evaluate and select library materials are key.  A commitment to cultural competence, customer service excellence, and creating a safe, welcoming space for all patrons is vital.  

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (Including but not limited to)

This list is meant to be representative, not exhaustive.  CLICK HERE for the full job description.

• Supervise and train assigned subordinate staff; assign, schedule and review staff work and write performance evaluations for professional and paraprofessional staff; instruct employees in new or existing policies, procedures and regulations; conduct on-the-job training.  
• Provide direction, training, and support to staff in one or more of the following areas:  collection development, programs and services, events, outreach, and marketing.
• Provide a range of services to patrons, including complex reference and readers' advisory; circulation and patron account requests; and advanced assistance with accessing library materials, technology, and resources.
• Assist in the development of policies and procedures relating to library services.
• Develop, implement, and evaluate library programs, events, volunteers, and services.
• Organize and lead outreach visits outside the library at events and to community partners to present and promote library services.
• Assist with the administration and organization of core library services, planning, organizing, and coordinating library-wide activities.
• Enforce library guidelines and policies to ensure a safe and welcoming environment for all library visitors.

EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE

Any combination equivalent to experience and education that would likely provide the required knowledge and abilities would be qualifying.  A typical way of gaining the knowledge, skill and ability outlined  in the job spec is:  

• Equivalent to a master's degree in library science, library and information services, or similar curriculum, issued by a college or university accredited by the American Library Association is preferred.  
• Progressively responsible related experience may be substituted for the college coursework on a year-for-year basis.
• Ability to communicate effectively in Spanish, Vietnamese, ASL, or other community languages is desired, and may be required for some assignments., AND
• At least four years of professional experience in a public library setting, including at least one year in a lead/supervisory role.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS

• Possession of a valid California Class C Driver's License with a satisfactory driving record is desirable.

PHYSICAL DEMANDS

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job.  Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. 

While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to stand; walk; sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel; reach with hands and arms; and talk or hear.  the employee is occasionally required to climb or balance and stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl.  The employee must regularly lift and/or move up to 25 pounds and occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 pounds.  Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision and ability to adjust focus.  

The Community

Located nearly halfway between the metropolitan powerhouses of San Francisco and the state’s capital, Sacramento, Suisun City is a hidden gem of the Bay Area. Suisun City is accessible from Interstate 80 via Highway 12 and Amtrak’s Capitol Corridor commuter rail service right to the heart of the City’s historic Waterfront District, making it a prime location for job seekers as well as homeowners. The community is a unique destination for a Bay Area day trip, an overnight getaway or even a place to work, particularly with its reverse commute for inner Bay Area residents. The Waterfront Promenade offers beautiful views and serves as an ideal setting for a myriad of outdoor activities, dining choices and lunch hour strolls.

The Department

The Suisun City Fire Department was established in 1861. The men and women of SCFD take great pride in the customer service that they provide to all who live, work and travel through Suisun City. SCFD is a mission-driven fire agency that remains focused on customers and safety. It is our goal that all members strive to attain a synergistic balance of education, training, and experience to provide excellent emergency management on every call. SCFD is a combination agency staffed with both full-time and volunteer fire personnel. We currently operate two Type 1 Fire Engines, one Type 3 Fire Engine, Ladder Truck, three Command Vehicles, one Type 5 Fire Engine, Zodiac Rescue Boats, and one USAR Trailer. The Suisun City Fire Department is an ALS (Paramedic) level department, supported by Medic Ambulance for transport services. Station 47 is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The Position

The ideal candidate would know and be responsible for performance of the full scope of assigned fire suppression, fire prevention, emergency medical care responsibilities, and for the protection of life and property. New incumbents may have limited related experience but are expected to learn the full range of duties and responsibilities, perform duties with minimal direct supervision, and exercise sound judgment and discretion in making decisions. Firefighters work a 48/96 work schedule, comprised of two 24-hour shifts followed by four 24-hour days off, averaging 56 hours per week.

TO VIEW THE JOB ANNOUNCEMENT, CLICK 'JOB PDF' BELOW

The City of Sausalito Invites Applications for the Position of

POLICE OFFICER (LATERAL/ ACADEMY GRADUATE)

Salary: $91,817 - $123,045 Annually

$7,651 - $10,253 Monthly

Plus an excellent benefits package and additional incentives

OPEN UNTIL FILLED

Hiring Bonus: $5,000 after successful completion of Field Training and $5,000 after Probationary Period.

Under general supervision, the Police Officer performs a wide variety of patrol and related duties involving the prevention of crime, the protection of life and property, and the enforcement of Federal, State, and local laws and ordinances. The incumbent makes investigations, assists in the preparation of cases, and testifies in court; serves in specialized departmental roles as assigned. This is a sworn journey-level law enforcement classification that performs all assignments found in a municipal police department. The Police Officer provides information and assistance to the public; performs related work as assigned. 

The City of Lincoln is creating an applicant pool for the position of Public Safety Dispatcher I/II within the Police Department.  Interested applicants may submit their application to be part of the applicant pool.  As new vacancies occur, the recruitment team will review applications for consideration.

The Lincoln Police Department is authorized for 23 sworn officers, six dispatchers, and various other civilian and volunteer positions.  The dispatch center provides public safety dispatch services for the Lincoln Police Department and three Lincoln Fire stations. The communications center is staffed 24/7 and dispatchers work in pairs or solo. Public safety dispatchers answer emergency and non-emergency calls for police, fire and other city services.  Dispatchers prioritize calls and dispatch public safety units as needed.  Heavy phone and radio use is a primary duty of the position.  Other duties include clerical and specialized record keeping functions.

Under immediate supervision, this position performs a wide variety of technical and clerical law enforcement support duties related to taking police, fire and medical emergency requests for service from the public and tracks and dispatches field units as appropriate; gathers, records, maintains, retrieves and distributes law enforcement data and information; enters reports and data into a variety of automated law enforcement records systems; ensures that records and information are accurate, clear and comprehensive for law enforcement personnel and the general public; learns applicable policies, procedures and work methods associated with assigned duties; performs other related duties as required.

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS
The Public Safety Dispatcher I is the entry level class in which incumbents learn to perform and perform Police Dispatcher duties under immediate supervision. This classification is alternatively staffed with Public Safety Officer II and incumbents may advance to the higher level after gaining experience and demonstrating a level of proficiency that meets the qualifications of the higher class.

The Public Safety Dispatcher II is the working level class in which incumbents are expected to perform the full range of Police Dispatcher duties with minimum supervision and apply sound judgment regarding their scope of authority in dispatching personnel. This classification is distinguished from the Community Service Officer series in that the latter performs duties involving work in taking reports in the field and performing face-to-face public service activities.

SUPERVISION RECEIVED/EXERCISED
The Public Safety Dispatcher I receives immediate supervision from the Police Office Supervisor or a Watch Commander. Incumbents of this class do not routinely exercise supervision. The Public Safety Dispatcher II receives supervision from the Police Office Supervisor or a Watch Commander. Incumbents of this class do not routinely exercise supervision.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Include but are not limited to the following:

• Receives and enters calls for police, fire and medical service in CAD; dispatches and tracks field units; interprets level of service needed through information obtained from field officers or citizens; coordinates multi-agency responses when necessary; transfers calls to appropriate agencies if warranted.
• Responds to questions and concerns from the general public, department staff and other agencies; takes and records telephone and counter reports; provides information as appropriate and resolves service issues and complaints.
• Enters and maintains accurate data and information into the California Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (CLETS) including stolen vehicles, and missing and unidentified persons; enters and retrieves information from a variety of state and local automated systems; validates selected records from the Department of Justice files including vehicles, boats and missing persons; releases impounded vehicles; processes reports and citations; collects and maintains statistical information.
• Learns and develops an understanding of applicable policies, procedures, and work methods associated with assigned duties.
• Photocopies and distributes crime, incident, arrest and accident reports to the general public and various agencies such as the Department of Justice (DOJ), California Highway Patrol, District Attorney, Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and insurance companies; prepares reports for court; applies federal, state and local laws when releasing information.
• Establishes positive working relationships with representatives of community organizations, state/local agencies and associations, City management and staff, and the public.

PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL WORKING CONDITIONS
This position requires prolonged sitting, standing, walking, reaching, twisting, turning, kneeling, bending, squatting, and stooping in the performance of daily office activities. The position also requires grasping, repetitive hand movement, and fine coordination in preparing reports and retrieving and entering data using a computer keyboard. Additionally, the position requires near and far vision in reading work related documents and using the computer, and acute hearing is required when providing phone, dispatch and face to face service. The need to lift, drag, and push files, paper, and documents weighing up to 25 pounds also is required.

KNOWLEDGE/ABILITIES/SKILLS
The following are a representative sample of the KAS’s necessary to perform essential duties of the position. The level and scope of the knowledge and abilities listed below vary between the I and II levels.

Knowledge of: Civil, criminal, and municipal provisions relating to the various activities of the Police Department; law enforcement, fire, and other operating procedures and functions of the Department as they relate to the dispatch function; geography of the City and the surrounding environment; legal and procedural techniques and regulations regarding transmission and reception of public safety radio traffic; basic radio and related equipment maintenance.

Ability to: Perform a variety of complex work with speed and accuracy; remain calm under emergency situations; learn to operate specialized law enforcement automated information and communication systems; work flexible hours including evenings, weekends and split shifts; learn basic Spanish speaking skills that allow for communication regarding addresses, locations, time descriptions, etc.; interpret, explain and apply applicable laws, codes and regulations; read, interpret and record data accurately; organize, prioritize and follow-up on work assignments; work independently and as part of a team; make sound decisions within established guidelines; follow written and oral directions; observe safety principles and work in a safe manner; communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing; establish and maintain effective working relationships.

Skill to: Operate an office computer and a variety of word processing and software applications; effectively operate specialized law enforcement automated information and communication systems; type accurately from clear copy at a rate of 35 words per minute.

THE SELECTION PROCESS

To be considered, candidates must possess one of the following at the time of application:

• POST Entry-Level Dispatcher Exam with a T-score of 48 or higher
• A valid POST-certified Public Safety Dispatcher Basic Course Certificate

The process may include an in-basket exercise, individual interviews, panel interviews and/or other related components.  Only those candidates who have the best combination of qualifications in relation to the requirements and duties of the position will continue in the selection process. Meeting the minimum qualifications does not guarantee an invitation to the process. The candidate selected for the position will be required to complete a background check including reference checks, fingerprint check, medical/drug-test evaluation and/or other related components.

Human Resources will make reasonable efforts in the examination process to accommodate persons with disabilities.  Please advise HR of any special needs a minimum of five days in advance of the selection process exam by calling (916) 434-3229. The City of Lincoln is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

The information contained herein is subject to change and does not constitute either an expressed or implied contract.