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FINAL FILING DATE: We are accepting applications on a continuous basis.

IT IS MANDATORY THAT YOU COMPLETE THE SUPPLEMENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE. YOUR APPLICATION WILL BE REJECTED IF YOU DO NOT PROVIDE ALL NECESSARY INFORMATION.

THE POSITION

The Human Resources Department is accepting applications for the regular and full-time position of Refuse Truck Driver I in the Environmental Utilities Department. The normal work schedule is Monday through Friday 6:30 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. with weekends required. The list established for this recruitment may also be utilized to fill any limited term or part-time, temporary vacancies. The term length for limited term placements is not guaranteed but cannot exceed 36 months. A part-time temporary position cannot exceed 25 hours per week.

The City of Roseville promotes a no smoking atmosphere.

DEFINITION

To perform a variety of tasks in the collection of residential, commercial, and industrial solid waste refuse, including driving and operating a refuse collection truck.

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS

This is the entry level class in the Refuse Truck Driver series.  Positions in this class typically have little or no directly related work experience and work under immediate supervision while learning job tasks.  The Refuse Truck Driver I class is distinguished from the II level by the performance of less than the full range of duties assigned to the II level.  Incumbents work under immediate supervision while learning job tasks, progressing to general supervision as procedures and processes of assigned area of responsibility are learned.

SUPERVISION RECEIVED AND EXERCISED

Receives immediate supervision from a Refuse Supervisor, and receives technical and functional supervision from a Senior Refuse Truck Driver.

EXAMPLES OF ESSENTIAL DUTIES - Duties may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Drive a one or two-person-staffed refuse collection truck, collecting refuse along an assigned route and emptying contents of trash cans and/or collection bins.
• Operate hydraulic/mechanical controls to load, compress, and dump refuse; collect and dispose of debris on assigned route; transport refuse to/unload at appropriate landfill sites and/or sewage treatment plant.
• Assist refuse truck driver by directing movement into alleys, driveways, and other difficult locations; assist truck driver with lifting/loading contents of trash cans and other collection containers.
• Complete and post notification tags on containers/bins/dumpsters regarding contents not acceptable for refuse collection.
• Maintain assigned truck by regular cleaning and washing, including inspecting for mechanical or other operating problems; report mechanical or related problems for maintenance; perform minor maintenance as appropriate.
• Complete, maintain, and submit records related to operations and maintenance activities, including those related to time, material and equipment usage.
• Build and maintain positive working relationships with co-workers, other City employees, and the public using principles of good customer service.
• Perform related duties as assigned.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS

Knowledge of:

• Uses and purposes of general mechanical tools and equipment; safe work practices.

Ability to:

• Learn refuse collection techniques and to operate refuse collection vehicles and equipment.
• On a continuous basis, know and understand operations, and observe safety rules.  Intermittently analyze problem equipment; identify and locate equipment; interpret work orders; remember equipment location; and explain jobs to others.
• Intermittently, sit while studying or preparing reports; bend, squat, climb, kneel and twist when performing installation of equipment; perform simple and power grasping, pushing, pulling, and fine manipulation; and lift or carry weight of 50 pounds or less.
• Communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing.
• Establish and maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.

Experience and Training

Experience:

No experience is required; some general maintenance and/or construction experience is preferred.

AND

Training:

Equivalent to the completion of the twelfth (12th) grade, GED, or higher level degree.

License or Certificate

Possession of a valid California Class B driver’s license, with airbrakes by date of application.

SUPPLEMENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Your response to question 3, the applicant’s education, training and experience, will be scored using a pre-determined formula.  Your responses to these questions must be consistent with your employment application information.  This experience must also be described in the “Work Experience" section of this application.  Responses to the supplemental questionnaire that are inconsistent from your “Work Experience” section in the application will not be scored.  I understand and agree with the above instructions.

• Yes
• No

2. Was any of the work experience listed on your application an unpaid internship, or volunteer work?  If so, please list below which ones. If none, please put N/A.

3. How many years of experience do you have performing some general maintenance and/or construction duties?

• Less than 1 year
• 1-2 years
• 2-3 years
• 3-4 years
• 4+ years

4. Please describe your general maintenance or construction duties?

5. Do you currently possess a valid California class A or B driver’s license with airbrakes? If yes, please list the expiration date.

6. Are you willing to work weekends indefinitely?

• Yes
• No

7. Are you willing to accept a limited term assignment? The term length for limited term placements is not guaranteed but cannot exceed 36 months.

• Yes
• No

8. Are you willing to accept part-time, temporary work?

• Yes
• No

SELECTION PROCESS

All candidates meeting the minimum qualifications will have their application scored in a Formula Rate Examination.  The applicant’s experience and education will be evaluated using a pre-determined formula.  Scores from this evaluation will determine applicant ranking and placement on the Employment List.  Supplemental questions will be utilized by the department hiring authority to make interview and selection determinations.  Final appointment is contingent upon a check of past employment references, passing a City-paid fingerprint check and depending on position applied for a pre-employment medical exam and a drug and alcohol screening test.

THE CITY OF ROSEVILLE IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER.  IF YOU REQUIRE AN ACCOMMODATION DUE TO A DISABILITY, PLEASE CONTACT THE HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT AT LEAST 5 WORKING DAYS BEFORE A SCHEDULED INTERVIEW/EXAMINATION PROCESS.  MEDICAL DISABILITY VERIFICATION MAY BE REQUIRED PRIOR TO ACCOMMODATION.

Definition:

Under general supervision, the Communications Officer, as a member of the Police Department, transmits and receives information over the police and public works radio system; dispatches routine and emergency calls for service; types, records, and files information; handles emergency and non-emergency telephone calls utilizing complex technical aids, such as computer aided dispatch systems (CAD), and performs related work as assigned.

Examples of Essential Duties:

The following statements are intended as general illustrations of the work in this job class and are not all inclusive for specific positions.

1. Receives emergency and non-emergency telephone calls from the public for police, fire, or other emergency services; determines the nature of the call and the resources necessary to respond.
2. Monitors police radio communications; maintains contact with police units to track officer status and respond to need for additional resources; monitors various radio channels to keep abreast of county-wide police activities affecting the City and assist other county agencies with mutual aid.
3. Prioritizes requests for police and other public safety services; determines availability and location of patrol units; transmits information and dispatches police personnel and equipment in response to calls; routes calls for fire and emergency medical assistance to the Santa Clara County Fire Department.
4. Assists police personnel in the field by quickly and accurately researching and relaying criminal history information and other requested data.
5. Communicates with callers to determine the nature of the call and provide appropriate assistance; maintains composure to ensure that complete and accurate information is transmitted to public safety and medical personnel.
6. Screens non-emergency calls for service; provides requested information or directs callers to the proper person, department or agency.
7. Updates and maintains electronic records and logs of data pertaining to calls and activities.
8. Receives and coordinates requests for emergency Public Works assistance outside of the City’s normal business hours (pertaining to full municipal services in Los Altos, and sewer maintenance requests in Los Altos Hills and the surrounding unincorporated areas).
9. Act in the place of records staff for after-hours walk-in visitors to the Police Department.
10. May assist with the training of new communications personnel.

Minimum Qualifications:

KNOWLEDGE OF: Standard office methods, procedures, software and equipment; Geography of the local area; General public safety communications practices; Principles of customer service.

SKILL AND ABILITY TO: Multi-task and prioritize; Efficiently use radio and other communications equipment; Communicate effectively, both orally and in writing; Analyze situations quickly and accurately; Maintain composure and work effectively under pressure; Understand and follow oral and written direction; Demonstrate initiative and exercise good judgment in the performance of duties; Establish, maintain, and promote positive working relationships with employees, other agencies, and the public; Work various shifts including nights, weekends, holidays, and intermittent shifts as needed.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS: This position will require the ability to work rotating shifts on an on-going basis, including irregular hours on short notice. This position will also be assigned a uniform to wearing during work hours.

EXPERIENCE AND EDUCATION:
Any combination of the listed experience and education requirements may lead to a qualifying application. A typical way to obtain the knowledge and abilities would be:

• Possession of a High School Diploma or G.E.D. equivalent is required.
• Completion of college-level coursework is highly desirable .
• A minimum of one year of public safety dispatching and/or basic clerical experience is required.
• Possession of Basic P.O.S.T. Dispatch Certificate is highly desirable and may be substituted for work experience.

IDEAL CANDIDATE POSSESSES THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: Is highly professional, patient, respectful, and ethical; possesses excellent problem-solving skills; ability to multi-task in stressful situations. Communicates effectively and proactively both verbally and in writing. Enjoys working in a small town atmosphere with an engaged public, including merchants, property owners and residents.

Salary and Benefits:

$93,138.24 – $113,210.11 annually DOE

This is a non-exempt position represented by the Police Officers Association.

• Retirement: CalPERS retirement plan for Classic members is 2% @ 60 with employee paying a contribution of 7%. PEPRA employees participate on a 2.0% @ 62 plan, with employee paying 6.75% of the retirement contribution. Benefits based on highest three years of compensation. The City does not participate in Social Security.
• Health Plans: Choice of HMO or PPO plans through CalPERS Health with most family plans covered at 100%. Employees who waive coverage may receive stipend of $350 per month.
• Dental/Vision: City also offers a dental and vision reimbursement plan.
• Flexible Spending Plan: Dependent care and health care reimbursement plan available
• Deferred Compensation: Voluntary participation in either Nationwide or ICMA-RC
• Holidays: 10 annual holidays, plus two floating holidays OR Holiday Compensation
• Vacation: 10 days annually
• Sick Leave: Allowance of 12 days annually

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
A complete City application, cover letter, resume, and testing documents must be submitted online at the City's websiteOpens a New Window..

Applicants must also submit proof of successful completion of either the Criticall Dispatcher test with a passing score or the P.O.S.T. Entry-level Dispatcher Test with a T-score of 50 or above. Please make arrangements to sign up for one of these tests in advance. Lateral applicants that are currently employed as a Public Safety Dispatcher (non-probationary) do not need to submit proof of test scores, however a California POST Dispatcher Academy Certificate is required.

Additionally, A typing certificate certifying a minimum of 40 wpm dated within one year of the application date must be submitted along with the City application. Online typing certificates will not be accepted. If you do not have a typing certificate, please schedule an appointment at a vocational school, or a staffing agency.

SELECTION PROCESS
The recruitment will remain open until filled with a first review date of August 17, 2020. Applicants most closely matching the City’s desired qualifications and organizational needs will be invited to participate in the interview process. Prior to hire, candidates will be required to successfully complete a pre-employment process, including a physical, reference checks and a complete background investigation. A conviction history will not necessarily disqualify an applicant from appointment; However, failure to disclose a conviction will result in disqualification or termination.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
The City of Los Altos is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate in employment on the basis of a person’s race, religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, mental or physical disability, medical condition, marital status, sex, age or sexual orientation. Candidates with a disability, which may require special assistance in any phase of the application or testing process, should advise City of Los Altos upon submittal of application. Documentation of the need for accommodation must accompany the request.

LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMER 
The above job description is meant to describe the general nature and level of work being performed; it is not intended to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties and skills required for the position. All job requirements are subject to possible modification to reasonably accommodate individuals with disabilities. Some requirements may exclude individuals who pose a direct threat or significant risk to the health and safety of themselves or other employees.

To view the full announcement for this exciting opportunity with the City of San José, please visit the City of San José’s employment page by clicking on the link below.

Then click on the “Executive Opportunities” link.  Do NOT apply through CalOpps!

City of San José Employment Page

The Organization

Fremont is a well-managed and innovative city. Located in the heart of the Bay Area and Silicon Valley, Fremont prides itself on innovation, clean technology and advanced manufacturing, a low crime rate, great schools, a low unemployment rate, quality parks, nearby open space, and an incredibly diverse population of over 235,000 residents.  With its strong and diversified business base, Fremont is an important economic force in the region.  The City strives to be an innovator in municipal government, with dynamic leadership provided by the City Council and City Manager. 

The Position

Under administrative direction from the Fire Chief and Deputy Fire Chief, the Emergency Services Manager will develop, coordinate and implement the City’s preparedness, and response and recovery programs.  In addition, the position will provide expert, professional assistance to the City’s executive management staff, and train and supervise assigned staff.

Examples of Responsibilities

· Plans, organizes, directs, evaluates and modifies emergency management functions and programs to ensure the readiness of the City’s Emergency Operations and personnel; develops goals, objectives, policies, procedures and work standards for such functions and programs.

· Schedules regular testing procedures to insure operational efficiencies and activates sections of the emergency plan at the direction of the Fire Chief and City Manager.

· Maintains the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) and Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) program and provides CERT/MRC members with training exercises in emergency relief efforts.

· Manages the EOC (Emergency Operations Center) Committee, which is tasked with improving the operational readiness of the EOC.

· Trains, or provides for the training of, various City personnel to establish and fulfill roles and responsibilities for emergency preparedness; coordinates City and regional training exercises; evaluates and makes recommendations on training materials and equipment related to emergency preparedness, response and recovery.

· Prepares user manuals for emergency procedures.

· Partners with representatives of City departments, public and private support and relief agencies, businesses, homeowners, educational and other groups regarding City emergency services.

· Assists in the preparation and administration of the division budget; develops and monitors grant-funded program budgets; and monitors Federal and State disaster reimbursement programs.

· Identifies potential hazards in the community and develops action plans while monitoring natural disasters, hazardous spills, biological and chemical attacks and other acts of terrorism.

· Works closely with Staff and other public and private groups to coordinate plans for city-wide emergency services projects.

· Coordinates critical infrastructure and telecommunication needs in the event of an emergency and administers any EOC management software system for the City.

· Advises Fire Chief during an emergency in the full operation of the Emergency Operations Center.

· Prepares or reviews reports for the City Manager, City Council, Fire Chief, Deputy Fire Chief, Disaster Council or other commissions.

· Represents the department before civic and community groups and increases community participation in the programs via outreach activities.

· Plans, organizes, directs, reviews and evaluates the work of assigned staff and volunteers.

· Confers and negotiates agreements with public, non-profit and private sector resource agencies for support of the City before, during and after a declared emergency.

· Confers with State and Federal emergency management representatives in supporting City emergency management activities and assures conformity of City emergency management programs with Federal and State requirements.

· Promotes citizen and community hazards awareness and disaster education programs, provides self-help programs on emergency planning and preparedness, as well as hazard identification and risk assessment to neighborhoods, school districts and businesses.

· Works to foster a City-wide integration of disaster resistant community goal with those of sustainable development.

· Other duties as assigned.

Description

The District has an exciting position developed in partnership with Facebook.  This position works closely with the District’s Emergency Services Manager and is primarily embedded at Facebook, serving as the District’s onsite liaison.  The classification is categorized as a Public Service Assistant and is a limited duration assignment.  Please read below for more details:

Definition

The Public Service Assistant is a general classification that provides various support to the District in a limited term role.  As a limited term position, funding is not guaranteed for this position from one budget year to the next.  This classification covers 3 levels, PSA I/II/III, and has different requirements based on the scope of the work needed.  The PSA classification can be flexibly staffed and filled at any one of the 3 levels.  However, for this recruitment, the District is seeking a level II or level III.

This limited term Public Service Assistant position works on emergency response and contingent planning, emergency preparedness, situational awareness, continuity of operations, coordination within an emergency operations center (EOC) and dynamic field environment for Facebook and the community.

Ideal Candidate

Typical and Important Duties include:

1. Attend regular joint internal and/or external briefings;
2. Create project plans with milestones to measure individual performance;
3. Provide weekly updates to Facebook’s Global Security Emergency Services leadership on progress of work;
4. Provide a Continuity of Operations Plan which may include:
   1. Emergency operations at Facebook
   2. EOC operations and exercises
   3. Trainings, exercises, and team building
   4. Documentation, report writing and compliance
   5. Recommendations for improvement to emergency operations
5. Guide planning and preparedness efforts;
6. Align various cross-functional internal and external stakeholders;
7. Work closely with Facebook’s Global Security Emergency Services team and other internal teams as necessary, and with regional public safety partners.
8. Participate in coordination of regional emergency response work as it applies to Facebook and MPFPD;
9. Provide strategic leadership, improvement, mitigation and best practices;
10. If needed, coordinate or develop business continuity strategies; and
11. Other tasks as assigned by the Fire Chief.

Job-related Qualifications

Knowledge of:

• Principles and practices of office and records management.
• Review and development of emergency management and response plans, including Emergency Operations Plans, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Incident Action Plans (IAPs), Job Aids, Incident Response Plans (IRPs), Business Continuity Plans (BCPs) and Continuity of Operations Plans (COOPs).
• Applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, and regulations.
• Principles and practices of administrative, organizational and procedural analysis.
• Principles and practices of public relations and public education.
• Principles and practices of local, regional, state and federal emergency management.
• Basic community emergency and disaster support and assistance practices and resources.

Ability to:

• Develop and implement new disaster programs within the District.
• Ensure coordination and alignment of Facebook plans with District procedures and expectations.
• Create project plans with measurable milestones.
• Coordinate multiple activities, meet deadlines, and work independently with a minimum of supervision.
• Prepare clear, accurate and concise reports, procedures, and other written materials.

• Serve as the primary District representative at Facebook internal meetings and  in meetings with other public and private organizations as required.
• Work with a diverse group of individuals and adapt the program accordingly.

• Communicate effectively in writing, orally, and with others to assimilate, understand, and convey information, in a manner consistent with job functions.
• Establish and maintain cooperative relationships with employees, supervisors, and the public.
• Learn and effectively apply local, state, and federal codes, laws, and regulations.
• Take a proactive approach to customer service issues.
• Use and maintain equipment in a safe manner.
• Understand and carry out safety policies, rules, and regulations.
• Recognize and preserve confidentiality regarding sensitive information learned in the course of the job.
• Assist with the development of strategic plans.

Skill in:

• Interpreting and applying applicable federal, state, and/or local laws, rules, and regulations.
• Speaking in public and giving presentations, and working with the community.
• Basic keyboarding.
• Operating a personal computer and appropriate worked-related applications, such as word processing, spreadsheet, calendaring, and e-mail systems, etc.

Experience and Training

Any combination of experience and training that would provide the required knowledge, skills, and abilities would be qualifying. A typical way to obtain the knowledge, skills, and abilities would be:

Experience: Two years of progressively responsible administrative experience in a related public safety field, such as office of emergency services, fire, police, emergency medical, or emergency communications.

Training:  Equivalent to graduation from high school.  Possession of an Associate’s degree in a related field is preferred.

Licenses and Certificates

All licenses and certifications must be maintained as a condition of employment.

• Possession of, or ability to obtain, an appropriate, valid California Driver’s License, which must be maintained as a condition of employment.
• Must be able to pass a Department of Justice background check.

• CPR/First Aid Certification is desirable.

The Purchasing Division of the Finance Department offers unique career development and advancement opportunities in public sector procurement and contracting. The Division is responsible for the centralized procurement of equipment, supplies, materials, IT, and non-consulting services pursuant to the City of San José Municipal Code Title 4, Chapter 4.12. The Division is also responsible for providing guidance and oversight for the procurement of consulting services which is managed by the individual City departments. 

The Purchasing Division is focused on delivering procurement and contracting services based on public procurement best practices. The team is headed by a Deputy Director, who oversees two purchasing-related workgroups. One workgroup is managed by a Program Manager who oversees a group of buyers and a staff specialist, who primarily handle tactical procurements such as low-bids, purchase orders, and p-card purchases. Another workgroup is managed by the IT & Strategic Procurement Manager who oversees a group of Senior Analysts, Analysts I/II, and the IT Buyer. 

This team is responsible for handling the City’s complex procurements (i.e., primarily Requests for Proposal) and contract activity. 

The work environment is dynamic and engaging, with procurement staff interfacing with nearly all City departments in delivering products and services. The Division offers opportunities for growth and advancement.

The Department of Finance is hiring a Senior Analyst in the Purchasing Division. The Senior Analyst is a management position that reports to the IT & Strategic Procurement Manager and is responsible for strategic procurement activities, projects, and agreements on behalf of various City departments.

Responsibilities for the position may include, but are not limited to:

- Working with various City departments to prepare, issue, and oversee complex Requests for Proposals (RFPs), Requests for Information (RFls), and other solicitation methods for City funded projects, as well as federal and state funded projects

- Managing strategic and complex procurement activities, including developing specifications and facilitating the evaluation process

- Developing, negotiating, writing, and executing strategic and complex contracts

- Administering contracts, including negotiating amendments, change orders and exercising options

- Drafting and preparing Council memoranda and responses to protests

- Training and educating City staff on Citywide purchasing rules, procedures, and processes

- Assisting departments with vendor management and contract management activities as required

- Performing data and financial analysis for purchasing and contracting activities

- Clearly expressing ideas verbally and in writing

- Preparing standard and ad hoc reporting

- Supervising assigned staff

- Conducting and facilitating Request for Quotes (RFQ) and Request for Bids (RFB) and issuing Purchase Orders (POs) as assigned

- Performing other duties and special projects as requested such as vendor training, emergency preparedness, and implementing procurement and contracting process improvements.

The actual salary shall be determined by the final candidate’s qualifications and experience. In addition to the starting salary, employees in the Senior Analyst classification shall also receive an approximate five percent (5%) ongoing non-pensionable compensation pay.

COVID-19 Remote Work

Please be aware that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Senior Analyst will most likely be expected to work remotely at least some, if not all, of the time until further notice. If this is required, the Senior Analyst will be assigned a laptop by the City with all software and software access required to perform the assigned duties. The Senior Analyst be required to have/provide their own internet connectivity and other requirements as specified in the City’s Remote Access Policy to be able to fully perform their responsibilities remotely in accordance with the City’s Policy Manual, Section 1.7.3 Remote Access, at https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/city-manager/employee-relations/city-policy-manual.

The City of San Jose, Animal Care and Services Division is seeking Veterinarians to work at the Animal Care Center, including part-time and/or relief in either/or, shelter medicine and/or the shelter’s public high quality, high volume spay/neuter clinic.  The Animal Shelter Veterinarian may perform all aspects of shelter medicine in a large animal shelter.  Duties may include routine spay/neuter surgeries on cats, dogs, and other animals as indicated.  This position provides direct care and treatment of homeless animals entering the City of San Jose’s Animal Care Center.

In addition, this position is required to diagnose, treat, and/or recommend euthanasia.  Registered Veterinary Technicians will be assigned to assist this position with the preparation and post-surgery processes of spay/neuter and other surgical procedures. 

This is a part-time unbenefited position reporting to the Shelter Manager of Animal Care and Services.  This classification is represented by City Association of Management Personnel (CAMP).

Duties may include, but are not limited to the following:

• •       Directs, coordinates and performs the screening, diagnosis, and basic and emergency medical treatment of animals in the shelter.
  •       Performs or supervises the visual monitoring of impounded animals, including those that may be isolated or quarantined for signs of illness or unusual behavior.
  •       Performs surgical procedures, including spay/neuters and vaccinates animals to prevent diseases.
  •       Maintains accurate medical records of animals.
  •       Effectively communicates the condition and status of animals with staff, public and animal groups.
  •       Advises staff on matters within the veterinary field.
  •       Orders, maintains and controls the drugs used at the shelter and in the field.
  •       Trains appropriate staff in administering first aide and vaccinations to animals, the performance of euthanasia and other paramedical duties.
  •       Performs and directs staff to perform euthanasia of animals that are irremediably suffering from serious illness or severe injury, as necessary
  •       Ensures that shelter staff participates in a comprehensive disease prevention program for the animal shelter.
  •       Participates in special spay/neuter or vaccination clinics.
  •       Supervises staff to include: prioritizing and assigning work; providing technical guidance to staff; ensuring staff are trained; and making hiring, termination and disciplinary recommendations.
  •       Ensures compliance of activities to codes and all legal regulations.

Physical Requirements 

Employees must possess the ability to lift, carry, push, and pull materials and objects up to 50 pounds while handling animals and equipment. Employees may be exposed to cold and hot temperatures, loud noises, odors, dust, air contaminants, blood borne pathogens while using hypodermic needles on animals and may be exposed to animal scratches and bites.